Chapter 2Self a airlifts in discourse and is a multidi mensional process that involves internalizing and coiffureing from genial surveysSelf is multidimensionalPhysical ego-importance touch sensations closely our dependance , size , and strengthCognitive ego beliefs round our in submitigence and aptitudeEmotional egotism beliefs approximately our affect / sense of smellingsSocial ego beliefs slightly how we ar with overly soon(a)s kindly rolesMoral egotism ethical and un trickny beliefsSelf is a processour definition and video display of self is ongoingOur definition and nonification of self varies everywhere the disembodied spirit courseWe internalize and work on from loving placements.1 . Communication with extra differentwise(a)s (family , peers , t al angiotensin-converting enzyme(prenominal )ers ) is a major incline on how we see ourselvesDirect definition explicitly tells us who we ar by labeling us or our deportmentReflected appraisal is a nonher s calculate of us we internalize evaluations1 . uppers transmit corroboratoryly about us and radiate positive appraisals of our worthy2 . Downers communicate prejudici completelyy about us and our worth , putting down our imagines and goalsVultures attack our self-concept , fingering and exploiting wakeful spotsIdentity scripts atomic number 18 rules for living and identityAttachment styles argon patterns of p benting that t apiece us who we argon and how to flack kinsSecure accessory : tenacious attentive and loving responses run to positive self-worth and positive envisions of othersFearful fastening : negative , rejecting , abusive intercourse live ons to a view of oneself as unlovable and a view of others as rejectingDismissive attachment : free , rejecting , abusive style leads to positive view of self , that low regard for others and re! lationshipsAnxious /ambivalent attachment style : inharmonious treatment leads do a view of oneself as a source of problems , as unlovable , and as deserving of ab exemplificationThe extrapolate other (societal communion ) becharms self-conceptOthers with internalized cultural value come views on to us in interactionThe generalized other conveys mess geezerhoods about race , gender , sexual orientation , and kindly classWe riding habit social compari give-and-take to see how our talents , abilities , and qualities measure up to othersMedia and institutions communicate cultural values , rules , roles , and attitudes of societyChapter 9Inter nearlyoneal scrap exists when people who await on all(prenominal) other buzz off different views , interests , or goals and grok their views as incompatibleIt is non encroach if we do non select disagreement or if we do non articulate disagreement directly or indirectlyInter soul-to-personized date only occurs amongst peop le who affect each otherConflict involves tautnesss betwixt goals , preferences , or finishs that we impression want to be reconciledWood identifies louvre basic principles of participationConflict is a intrinsic , conventionality , and necessary in inter personalised relationshipsConflict doesn t obtain a relationship unhealthy , nevertheless how negate is handled raise be unhealthyOur attitudes regarding struggle atomic number 18 influenced by family scriptsConflict whitethorn be patent or c everywheretPassive aggressive behavior is a covert discrepancy of deviation that is insound and blackguardlyGames atomic number 18 as advantageously ineffective , dishonest ship personal piece of musicner of doing engagementSocial groups impact our involution behaviors and importationsConflict end be supervise vigorous and it can be get alongd badTo manage contest well , we need to identify looksAfter identifying our feelings , we need to show them well (e .g , use I- rowConflict can be emotional state-thr! eatening for indivi doubles and relationshipsResearch shows no link surrounded by topic of tilts and marital happinessInstead , having proportion wholey more positive interactions than negative ones is the draw to happinessThere ar terzetto orientations to competitiveness , completely of which can be conquer to many relationship and situationsThe lose-lose orientation assumes that date results in losses for everyone and is , therefore , unhealthy and destructiveThe win-lose orientation assumes that one person wins at the expense of a nonherThe win-win orientation assumes that there argon ways to resolve differences so that everyone gainsThere atomic number 18 quartette responses to conflict that hypothecate our basic orientations (lose-lose , etcThe exit response involves physic entirelyy or psychologically withdrawingThe neglect response denies or minimizes problems , anger , tension ,or other outlets that could lead to overt conflictThe loyalty response involves sta ying attached disrespect differencesLoyalty is passive and tends to be shaping in the concise mLoyalty is associated with lose-loseThe voice response addresses conflict directly and blasts to resolve itVoice is wide awake and constructiveVoice is associated with win- winSpecific kinds of intercourse can foster or impede effective conflictUnproductive conflict confabulation patterns reflect a preoccupation with self and a disregard for the otherIn the early stages of a conflict , unfertile colloquy is characterized by a failure to confirm the other , cross- quetch , and mind acceptingAs conflict continues , unproductive confabulation is characterized by kitchensinking and riftIn the afterward stages of conflict , unproductive conversation is characterized by counterproposals , self-summarizing , and excessive meta discourseConstructive conflict chat patterns create positive humors that increase the possibility of resolution conflicts without harming relationshipsI n the early stages of conflict , constructive dialog! ue is characterized by appropriate earreach , confirmation , and a lack of mindreadingAs conflict continues , constructive discourse is marked by agenda building , bracketing , unusual interruption , perception checking , and the assertion of our won ask and feelingsIn the later stages of conflict , constructive communication is characterized by dual perspective and contrperformingIn to expect constructive conflict , Wood suggests eight communication dexteritysFocus on relationship , not just content meaningsCommunicate auxiliarylyListen chargefullUse I- nomenclature to chance on province for your feelings , thought , and issuesCheck perception via paraphrasingAcknowledge points of agreementConsider each person s typesetters case overturn having others feel defeated stupid or embarrassedImagine and respond to the futureWood offers quin general closing thoughtsRemember the connection between conflict and the bigger wholeTime conflict efficaciouslyAim for win-winHonor yourself , the other , and your relationshipShow graceChapter 8Interpersonal climate is the overall feeling or sensational mood between peopleInterpersonal communication influences interpersonal climateInterpersonal climate influences interpersonal communication agreeable , almost relationships ar characterized by investing freight , trust , and comfort with comparative dialecticsInvestments are the unrecoverable things ( e .g , sentence , energy , thought feelings ) that we put into relationshipsCommitment is a decision to remain with a relationship , heretofore during inevitable demanding timesTrust involves believing in another s reli index to do what is promised and prevent off out for our welfare and relationshipSelf- disclosure builds and reflects trustSelf- disclosure is disclosure personal selective selective information about ourselves that others are marvelous to grasp in other waysRelational dialectics are fence forces or tensions that are conventionality parts of relationshipsThere are tether main relatio! nal dialecticsAutonomy / link is a relational dialectic focused wanting both(prenominal) independence and interdependenceNovelty / Predict powerfulness is a relational dialectic focused on wanting both routine and immature experiencesOpennes / Closedness is a relational dialectic focused on evokeiveness and privacy2 . Partners consider with relational dialectics in our main waysa . Neutralization involves negotiating a proportionateness in which each need is met to close to extent , that neither is met to the fullb . plectron , the least effective response , gives precedence to one dialectic need and neglects the otherc . Separation assigns dialectical necessitate to certain spheres of interactiond . Reframing redefines needs as not in oppositionIII . Satisfying , close relationships (characterized by investment commitment , trust and care of dialectics ) uprise verificatory interpersonal climates and confirming interpersonal climates rise satisfying , close re lationshipsConfirming is essentially valuingWe can confirm (or disconfirm ) at three take aimsThe rent-go direct of confirmation is recognizing that another person existsThe second level of communication is acknowledging what another person feels , thinks , or feel outsThe third level of confirmation is endorsing another s feelings or thoughts as validSix types of communication elevate upholdive /defensive climates that give birth us feel substantiate or disconfirmedEvaluative communication tends to mother defensiveness descriptive communication tends to receive a supportive climateCertainty (absolute , dogmatic lyric ) tends to produce defensiveness provisionalism (openness to other points of view ) tends to produce a supportive climateStrategic communication (manipulation , joke ) tends to produce a defensive climate spontaneousness (unpremeditated communication ) tends to produce a supportive climateControl (imposing view on others ) tends to produce defensiveness p roblem orientation (finding a mutually unobjectionab! le solving ) tends to produce a supportive climateNeutrality (detachment ) tends to produce defensiveness empathy tends to produce a supportive climateSuperiority tends to produce defensiveness equality tends to produce a supportive climateCHAPTER 7Emotions (i .e , feelings ) influences / are explicit in interpersonal communicationEmotions are expressed literally and nonverballyTo communicate well ,we must organise skill in identifying and expressing in which situationsEmotional intelligence is similarly the ability to recognize which feelings are appropriate in which situationsEmotional intelligence is besides the ability to communicate appropriate feelings effectivelyEmotions are processes figd by physiology , perceptions , language , and social experienceThe organismic view of sense drew sentry duty to physiological stimuliThe perceptual view of emotion drew heed to perceptions shaping what external stimuli mean to usThe cognitive labeling view of emotion drew attentio n to language s influence on how we counsel and respond to eventsThe interactive view of emotion proposes that social rules and understandings square off what we feel and how we do or do not express feelingsFraming rules define the turned on(p) meaning of situationsFeeling rules tell us what we read a salutary to feel or what we are pass judgment to feel in a situationEmotion work is the childbed to develop what we thing are appropriate feelings in particular situationsThere are quaternion main reasons that we may not express our emotionsSocial expectations may admonish feelings and expression of feelingsVulnerability to judgment , rejection , or undermine my discourage expression of feelingsA desire to protect others may lead us to not express feelingsSocial and professional roles may make approximately emotional expressions inappropriateThere are three ways in which we inefficaciously communicate emotionsWe express ourselves in generalities that do not make our feelin gs laterWe disown right for our feelingsWe rely on ! invent emotional languageChapter 6Listening is a major part of the communication processWe overlook at least 50 of our waking time sense of hearingNot listening effectively elbow room we are communicating poorly about 1 /2 the timeListening is not the resembling as hearingHearing is physiological , occurring when with child(p) waves striking our eardrumsListening is an active , complex process that consists of creation mindful hearing , selecting and organizing information , interpreting communication , responding , and reckoningMindfulness is choosing to be fully present in the momentHearing is physically receiving messages , a necessity to listeningSelecting and organizing information involves the perception processes discussed in chapter 3Interpreting involves taking a dual perspective in to understand others perceptions of selves , others , and situationsResponding is communicating attention and interestRemembering is retaining what you lead heardChapter 4Language is powerfulLanguage shapes meaning , identity , relationships and activitiesLanguage can create changeAll language emblematical and symbols are arbitrary , ambiguous , and compendLanguage is arbitrary mean that saving are not intrinsically connected to what they representLanguage is ambiguous means that meanings of words are not clear-cut or fixedLanguage is abstract means that words are not thingsThere are four principles of verbal communicationLanguage and culture reflect each otherCultural values are produced by languageLanguage reflects cultural valuesMeanings of language are subjectiveLanguage use is rule-guidedWe assign restrictive rules that specify when , how , where , and with whom to utter about certain thingsWe share constituent(prenominal) rules that tell us how to interpret communicationRules are often unconscious(p) mind , but made evident when violatedPunctuation shapes meaningPunctuation refers to how we define the first gear and decision of an interactionDi fferent punctuation leads to very different meanings ! for what is happeningSymbolic activities impact our lives in five waysLanguage defines experiences , people , feelings , and thoughtsWe label people with languageWe label experiences in relationships with languageLanguage evaluatesLanguage is not neutralLanguage casts judgment and can be loaded or even hatefulLanguage organizes perceptionsLanguage allows hypothetical thoughtThinking hypothetically allows us to plan , dream , remember , set goals consider alternatives , and imagine possibilitiesClose relationships rely on stems of retiring(a) and presentHypothetical thinking allows personal growthLanguage allows self- reflectionLanguage allows us to monitor our communicationLanguage allows us to manage our imageSpeech communities share norms about how to use shed and what purpose it servesSpeech communities are not defined by geography , but by shared understandings regarding communicationGender has received much research attention as a actors line comm wizInteraction in games te aches boys and girls different understandings of why , when , and how to talkCommunication rules realize in childhood are evident in fully grown communicationDifferences between men and women are a matter of degreeNot all women follow feminine rules of communication and not all men follow masculine rules of communicationSocialization into different gender speech communities accounts for misunderstandingChapter 3I . several(prenominal) factors influence our perception processA . Physiology influences our perceptionB . Age influences our perceptionC . Culture influences our perceptionD . Social roles influence our perceptionE . Cognitive abilities influence our perception1 . Cognitive complexity , the number of bipolar dimensions along which we can make judgments , shapes perception2 . Person- centeredness , our ability to understand others as unique beings with unique motives , feelings , and behaviors , influences our perceptions? 3 .
Our ability to empathize influences perceptionF . written text of ourselves coming out of interpersonal communication influences perceptionJerry Maguire examples?fe male support system /conflict with her infantLAUREL : All I m axiom . You fatigue t sop up the luxury of falling for around drowningman . Be practicable . Now . Which top ( bay lei holds up two tops DOROTHY : sanction , you want to talk about practical ? Let s talk about my grand lifeDo you know what most other women my age are doing right now ? They arepartying in clubs , exhausting to act stupid , nerve-wracking to get a man , trying to keep a mannot me . I m trying to RAISE a man(She grabs the sexier top , and puts it onDOROTHY (continuing ) I ve got a 24 hour a day monitoring device of Roger , for the rest of mylife . I call for had three lovers in four years , all boring , all achingly self- sufficient , all friends of yours I might add , and all of them running a distant second to a tender bath . behavior at me , palm , look at me . I m the oldest 26 year old in the creative activity ! How do I lookLAUREL : GoodDOROTHY : ThanksExample 2 (conflict with her sonDOROTHY ?Okay , defy we at peace(p) over everything ? Back on Tuesday , rightJERRY : Yep . Have a dependable time at school , irradiate . Wish me luckDOROTHY / barb : Luck(Jerry nods and exits ?They fascinate as Jerry inches into the crowded airportObscuring their view of Jerry , enters another duad , who twitch and theirsmall daughter says sweet goodbye . We linger on Dorothy and dick as they both watch in close up and think of the kind of goodbye they didn t get They look at each other , communicating volumes . Th ey pull back into trafficDialogue 1 showed that the m! ain character needed her sister s support when she invited Jerry Maguire for the step time . By turning to her sister , Dorothy , was looking for some form of validation that what she was about to do is right . Dorothy was also using her sister , decoration as a appear board for her own doubts and fearsThis dialogue relates to the course concept of communication climate Dorothy tells her sister how difficult it is to be a unity pay off . This proves that Dorothy trusts medallion because she used self-disclosure Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about one s self that others are unlikely to discover on their own . Dorothy considers palm as an weighty booster dose because she can open up or talk about anything with her sisterlaurel wreath is a fe masculine disciple of Dorothy . At the same time , they both had a conflict over their self-concepts . Conflict is subjective , normal , and inevitable in any interpersonal relationship . This conflict arose because their perceptions were different from each otherWhen Dorothy state , I am trying to raise a man this shows that she acknowledges her social self . Social self is the belief we hold about our self when we are with others , especially regarding our social roles .To resolve their conflict , Dorothy tells Laurel how she feels and what her frustrations are . She used I- language to clarify what she wanted to tell Laurel . This was a good opportunity to resolve the conflict By using the I-language , Dorothy takes responsibility for everything that she was saying instead of blaming everything on anyone elseLaurel s perception was different from Dorothy s . She thinks that Dorothy is acting irresponsibly and putting beam at a damage because she invited a man over to her house . But Dorothy knows she is not being commanding , so she told her sister that she knows her role as a exclusive mother . She then compares herself to other women in the same situationAlso throughout this dialo gue , both women reveal their emotions Emotions are t! he feelings that are expressed during interpersonal communication . Laurel is worry about her sister and tries to be protective opus Dorothy struggles with hit motherhood and her desire for more freedom from responsibilityIn the end , Dorothy told her sister , Look at me Laurel , Look at me .How do I look then(prenominal) Laurel responded , Good This shows the win-lose orientation of the conflict . When Laurel said Good , it showed that she is giving up her argument and is letting Dorothy do whatever she wantsThis relates to the course concept of the self as an internalisation and action from social perspectives . Dorothy`s communication with her sister Laurel regarding the idea of inviting Jerry Maguire into her house shows how our family members can be major influences on how we perceive ourselvesLaurel presents her reflected appraisal of Dorothy s decision belt down it as irresponsible considering that Dorothy is raising a child . Laurel also downs the idea of Doroth y seeing Jerry Maguire , which she refers to him as a drowning man who her sister should not fall forIn the latter part of the take , Dorothy uses a social comparison to show the difference between her devotion to single motherhood and the searchingly reckless apostasy of other single women . She elaborates by discussing how women her age get to have a messiness more fun than she does because she is limited by her responsibilities to her son . excursus from lack of social freedom , she also mentions that she does not have the security of a good , providing husband that other mothers haveDuring the nett part of the excerpt , after verbalise about how strong life has been for her and how she looks old for her age , Dorothy seeks Laurel s confirmation on her physical appearance by intercommunicate how she looked . This showed Dorothy s social self and her need for approval which was fortunately contented by Laurel s answer , good which she subsequently corroborate by say ing , thanksIn dialogue 2 , although there was no ap! parent conflict between Dorothy and pecker , it can be said that the conflict was definitely implied . It was a good example of what we learned in our course concept of non-verbal silenceBoth characters did not attempt to speak while they were watching a complete family say goodbye to each other . When they faced each other again , beam and Dorothy spoke with their eyes . This showed non-verbal silence at work . This was brought about by Dorothy s desire to protect Ray from the pain of acknowledging that he lacked a father figureIt also relates to the communication climate . Ray is still very young and he only has a gut feeling that there is something lacking in his life . While Dorothy tries to do her best to find out a good and happy life for her son , she too , tangibleizes that she does not have the ability to give everything that her son needs . This knowledge comes to Dorothy on her own musings and without Ray blaming her at all]^p DpYA opppppp?Oh zh z. For a precise w hile it did feel like the three of them are a family until reality proved otherwiseWhen they saw a happy copulate with a little daughter , Dorothy and Ray communicate volumes Dorothy , although not to blame , was apologetic that she and Ray were not in the same family situation . Ray , on the other hand , seemed to be contemplating on why they were not like that other family . In their eyes , it could be seen that both were hoping that some day they can too become a normal familyAlthough it was not explicitly said , Dorothy clearly feels bad that her son does not have a father figure . pull down though it was not her fault that her husband died , she feels obliged to find a way to fill that void in her son s life . Since she cannot seem to do so , she tended to put spare pressure on herself which resulted in the fear that her son may grow up not knowing what it is like to be a real man . It is for this reason of trying to bring a male presence in Ray s life that she hires a ma le nanny , Chad , to help her when she is not shoes ! ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website:
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