Responding to a Solicitation- Contract Administration and Management Essay

Responding to a Solicitation- Contract Administration and focal point - Essay Exampleted copy of his or her commercial pricelist(s) along with the appropriate Special point in time shape next to each item that is provided or offered (Stanberry, (2012). On top of this, the vendor must incorporate the commercial-grade Sales Practice Format (CSP-1), as well as provide or give exposit regarding his or her pricing history.Last that not least, the vendor must accord close forethought to the prices incorporated in his or her submission, as well as be in the position and create to negotiate his or her best offer for the government. Also, exclusively services or products that are offered in his or her pricelist should actually be within the range of the collection on top of the specific Special Item Number being used. In conclusion, the vendor should take the time to comprehend all the requirements entailed in the solicitation (Stanberry, (2012). As well, once on contract, his or her company will be liable for sticking to all pertinent portions of the FAR.Responsibility The vendor should have a healthy financial state. That is, his or her financial resources should be readily available as well as have a good record of execution in the past (Stanberry, (2012).Pricing Analysis as well as Review of Terms the prices quoted should to a fault be fair and reasonable, and should be accompanied with appropriate data that not only support but also explain the pricing

Walt Disney prospectus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Walt Disney prospectus - Essay specimenIt is important to note that unfastened debt notes issued to public involves significant centre of risk for the friendship as salutary as the investors. This is because from the perspective of the customer, the affaire rate may be too expensive. As a result, if the community is unable to generate sufficient profits, the phoners cost of borrowings bequeath eventually exceed the revenues which will further increase financial risk of the company. The company has however kept these issues in mind and interpreted appropriate measures to minimize the impact of such undesirable consequences that might be followed after issue of unsecured debt by making the offer more attractive to customers. The company believed that if the offer would be attractive and so more people will be encouraged to participate which will further ensure triple-crown marketability of these securities. One of the initiatives taken by the company to increase the marketab ility of the securities was to reduce the entry load for joining the scheme. The minimal number of units required to subscribe by the people in order to join the scheme was lessen to five. In order to make the offer more attractive, the company allowed public to subscribe five units of shares at two hundred and fifty dollar signs for non-shareholders and they would be allowed to invest as low as fifty dollar per month. The company even kept the option of cash investment open for the investors. The company also displace enrolment fee at an affordable outlay of $5-$10 per investor (Reuters, 2012). 2. List the dollar amount of debt Disney proposed to make do to the public. Indicate whether this amount has increased or decreased from 2008 to 2010. Discuss some potential causes of this increase or decrease. dissolvent Walt Disney has sold bonds worth three one million million million dollars at the end of 2012. In the year 2011, the company has sold 5, 10, and 30 years bonds with historically low voucher rates consequently increasing the price of bond in markets (Financial News, 2011). This was one of the measures taken by the company to control coupon rates which were historically high during 2010. The issue of unsecured notes has experienced a steady decline from the period 2008 to 2010. The declining trend touched(p) the lowest value in 2010 which continued till 2011. From the above discussion it can be express that a number of financial factors influenced the decision regarding decrease in amount of debt sold by the company to public. One of the reasons for such decline was the companys decision to offer debt was the offer to lower coupon rates creating an opening for the company to cash in and make profits. The company took advantage of lower interest rates to maximize profits and expected the issue of bond to yield at least $1.5 billion which the company plans to utilize for corporate purpose. 3. Determine the percentage of the deals price Disney n ets after discounts and commissions. Indicate whether this amount as decreased or increased from 2008 to 2010. Discuss some potential causes of this increase or decrease. Answer Walt Disney has been able to net sufficient percentage of sales price after discounts and commissions on the issue of sale of debt instruments. In the year 2008, the company reported 57% percentage of sales price whereas the percentage declined to 46% for the year 2010. The decrease in the amount of debt issued by the company and the

Market Segmentation for the Coffee Market Research Paper

Market Segmentation for the Coffee Market - Research Paper ExampleThe adjacent diagram shows the income distribution (media per capita income in 2009) of billy goat Rouge, Louisiana area. (Source Baton Rouge..) As per the media per capita income distribution in Baton Rouge in 2009, the Whites have high inflow of income as compared to other groups. The chart indicates that the Hispanic is graded just below Whites in case of media per capita income distribution. The 2010 census reflects that the Baton Rouges universe comprises of 50.02% African American, 45.7% Whites, 2.62% Asian, 0.18% Native American, and 0.49% other races (Louisianas report). The historical trend figures point that the pct era of Whites in the urban centers population gradually increases oer the last two decades. The Whites population yield together with improvements in living standards offers potential advantages for the umber market. This type of market segmentation assists the coffee assiduity to easily id entify the purchase power of consumers and to design cost-effective promotional tactics for different market segments. A number of surveys have indicated that as compared to blacks, whites like coffee more. Hence, the Whites may turn out to be the potential market segment for the company. However, majority of the African Americans and Asians are also regular users of coffee. Targeting strategy age developing a targeting strategy for the coffee market, it is necessary to analyze the coffee consumption culture of the population. (Source 2008 matter Cofee Drinking) The given figure indicates the graphical representation of the outcomes of the 2008 National Coffee Drinking Trends Study. This prove focused on the coffee consumption trends in different age groups and published a spaciotemporal report detailing coffee trends all over the last eight years. From the above chart, it is clear that the percent of coffee whoop it uping in the United States is directly proportional to the a ge of the population. The graph clearly illustrates that people over the age 60 are more likely to drink a lot of coffee as compared to other age groups. Likewise, youngsters between the age of 18 and 24 are less likely to drink coffee as they are heavily attracted to modern beverages. It is advisable for the company to target people over the age 30, because the trends study shows that youngsters very rarely take coffee. However, a growing coffee consumption trends is seen among the age group 25-39 therefore, it is also advisable for the company to give more focus on this group of consumers as potential prospects. Target segment descriptions As we discussed earlier, a major proportion of the Baton Rouges population represents Whites and African Americans even though the city is an agglomeration of different cultures. The demographical information show that the citys 35.8% of the total households are married couples whereas 40.8% are non-families (Private hard money). The 2010 census data bust that the Baton Rouges average household size is 2.42 while its average family size is 3.12. The percent of people living under the age groups of below 18 is 18-24 25-44 45-64 and 65 and above is 24.4%, 17.5%, 27.2%, 19.4%, and 11.4% respectively (BatonRouge). The population trend indicates that there are only 90.5 males for every 100

Reasons why illegal immigranst who are already living in this country Research Paper

Reasons why flagitious immigranst who are already living in this country should be given citiznship - Research Paper casefulRecently, debates on immigration have focused on the the Statesn South due to its border with Mexico where Latino immigrants get a passage into America. The political division has not helped to bridge the political opinions of opposition sides. In this assignment, I argue that despite the ongoing heated political debates, unratified immigration ought to be minded(p) American citizenship.Historically, the American nation has been known to be a haven for immigrants to the extent that it is now a European descendants majority. Prior to the September 11, 2011 attacks on America by foreign nationals, at that place was little talk of racial profiling at airports. Entry to America became difficult for all immigrants with redundant security checks instituted for fear of attacks, therefore, the ensuing debate on illegal immigration (Wise 26). Security is paramount for the stability of the American nation. Nevertheless, racial profiling is an infringement on the civil rights of human beings since it focuses on certain cultural groups.The impact of European descended Americans in shaping Americas course cannot be disputed. However, the argument that America ought to be identified with regards to being white is flawed (Wise 32). America is a melting pot with peck from diverse cultures, religion and ethnic backgrounds. The contribution of the multiplicity of people cannot be ignored. Granting of citizenship to illegal immigrants would be a humane act devoid of racial overtones.National security depends less on the number of illegal immigrants. This is because foreign nationals and terrorists do not have to be American residents to commit crimes. The rigorous security checks instituted fuddled that it is harder for foreign terrorists to gain citizenship. With proper checks in place, illegal immigrants are granted citizenship if there is reaso nable sentiment that they pose

Environment and Health Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environment and Health - Speech or Presentation ExampleThe most advisable way to produce timberland food is to grow our crops and animals in an organic manner in our farms. Meaning, we will grow our crops and animals without using GMOs, chemicals and antibiotics in this country (www.gov.uk nd). It may be more expensive to do this but the government can help by providing financial service to our farmers. The public can help by willing to buy these quality organic food at a slightly higher price so that it would be economically viable for farmers to grow quality organic crops and animals.The second option is to result quality foods in countries from our neighbouring countries. We have to set our expectation that we cannot import from far flung countries because quality foods that are organic have shorter shelf life. Fruits can be imported as they have longer shelf life compared to vegetables.Making the food and farming industry more war-ridden while protecting the environment. (n.d .). Retrieved March 5, 2015, from

The basic principles of MR image production Essay

The basic principles of MR material body production - Essay ExampleIn this essay, galosh issues and hazards of MRI will be discussed and methods for safe imaginativeness will be explored through review of suitable literature.MRI is a way of obtaining very fine images of organs and tissues throughout the body without the need for x-rays or ionizing radiation. Instead, MRI uses a powerful magnetic field, radio receiver waves, rapidly changing magnetic fields, and a computer to create images that show whether or not in that respect is an injury, disease process, or abnormal condition present (Patient-Safety MRI, 2010). MRI has turned out to be an magnificent investigation tool because of it ability to provide good contrast between various tissues in a particular region. For example, in the brain, a good contrast is provided between white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid (Diwadkar and Keshavan, 2002). The technology of MRI mainly employs 3 components for imaging and they argon pulsed radio-frequency fields or RF, high school static magnetic field and time-varying gradient electromagnetic fields or EMF (Roboman et al, 2006). For the purpose of MR imaging, the uncomplaining is placed in a large, tunnel or doughnut-shaped device that is open at both(prenominal) ends (Patient-Safety MRI, 2010) (Refer Figure-1). The examination causes no pain or tissue injury, although loud noises are heard during the procedure. There is alike a risk of mechanical injury due to ferromagnetic objects kept in the scanning fashion unintentionally. The main hazards concerned with magnetic fields are interactions with the equipment and interactions with mankind tissue. As far as human tissue interactions are concerned, the most worrisome interactions are with blood flow, ears and cardiac cycle (De Wilde et al, 2007).The main safety issues which are of concern on exposure to high static magnetic field are are both mechanical and biological effects and their consequences. In clinical MRI scanning, the strength of magnets used place between

Interpreting Financial Results Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Interpreting Financial Results - Essay ExampleThis means that apple has maintained enough liquid assets to meet its short-term obligation. However, although Apple did well by maintaining a high current ratio in 2013 comp ared to 2012, its current ratio declined in 2014 to 1.08 from 1.68 in 2013, which is a sign of despicable performance in 2014 compared to 2013 as far as liquidity position is concerned. However, the Apples current ratio is all the same within the industrial average, which is a show of bully performance compared to its competitors in the industry. Apples also had a social quick ratio of more than one in all the last three years. However, it is notable that the by and by the companys quick ratio had improved from 1.30 in 2012 to 1.64 in 2013, the ratio declined to 1.05, which is an indication of poor performance in 2014 compared to the previous two years. However, the fact that Apples quick ratio is within the industrial average is an indication of good perform ance in overall.Leverage ratio is another ratio used to gauge the financial health of a company. Leverage ratios are used to determine the amount of debts that the company maintains in its statement of financial position. Accordingly, the more debt a company has, the riskier the company is in case the business became bankrupt and forced into liquidation. Debt-to-equity ratio is one of the leverage ratios used to measure the degree to which a company is financed by debt holders in analogy with its owners. The lower the debt-to-equity ratio, the less riskier the company to invest. From the calculations, it emerged that Apple fiancs much of its operations from shareholders investments compared to debts. The companys debt-to-equity ratios for the three years are below one, which is favorable (2014 = 0.13 2013 = 0.08 2012 = ). Nevertheless, it also became clear that Apple has been increasingly financing its operations by debt since 2013, which is not a good sign (United

Migisi Tribal Council, Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Migisi Tribal Council, Inc - sequel Study ExampleMigisi Tribal Councils major issue is the high levels of being bureaucratic and in any case egotism serving. However the Council requires a strong support from the First Nations. If the First Nations do leave the council, the effect of this could be devastating and could bring down the entire council. The major issue of MTC, is the over confidence and the self serving nature which is taking over the working of the council and can lead to a huge step-down in terms of the finances and the human resources.One of the major issues that is faced by the managers and the key person, Andrew Ross is that he is responsible for the communication and resolving the issues between the First Nation and the cater at Migisi Tribal Council, Inc. withal there are a number of issues that are present in the First nations however these grow never been leaked out due to the pride and political reasons. Migisi Tribal Council, Inc has a low number of s taff however this staff has very specific and specialized job requirements. This provides for low staff turnover and also leads to lesser need for training and development. The major link between the symptoms and the root cause is the fact the MTC is non market focused and hence it stirs the formation culture as well. The long term issues that might affect the organization are the fact that it does not have any specific importance or assiduity of the high value added activities. Also the fact that the organization operates without a set of policies and principles created higher number of issues for the organization. therefrom the major aspect that the managers need to concentrate on is an improvement of the current organization culture.Migisi Tribal Council, Inc is an organization with stringent rules, guidelines and policies that have been developed for the working of the business however these have not been put into ended practice. The staff is provided with complete autonomy , with a lot of trust that is present among all the

People's lives continue to be shaped in the main by social Essay

Peoples lives continue to be shaped in the main by social structures. talk over this view, drawing on material from at the least three blocks of DD100 in your answer - Essay standardtity of a man is not only when vital representation of his self but it is also mean(a) that significantly contributes to a knowledge base that others can instantly access to have a global idea of their orientation towards conflicts and other relevant issues. The social wind of human identity thus becomes the well-nigh important element which significantly impacts peoples lives.Construction of social structures and social identities argon much influenced by hordes of issues, which are defined by individual ideology, group representation, professional competencies, intercultural compulsions etc. which facilitate develop understanding and access to networking with organizations and groups in order to avail the emerging opportunities for their personal and professional growth. Thus gravid rise to beh avioural pattern of the people that directly correlates with the values and value system of the person and his environment. in that respect are various means through which persons imbibe the values that they carry all through their life. virtually of them may be through the socio-religious culture that they follow while others might be acquired through changing paradigms of the work environment that is in perpetual influx. A person identified as student, as American or as an artisan etc. can proclaim certain privileges that are associated with that particular identity.Identities are produced in a social context, but through individuals thinking about what links them to the social land Symbols and representations are important in the production of identities. This is how we signal our identities to others and how we know which people we identify with. (Woodward, 2004, p.12).Social construction is a distributed network of human relationship with respect to its environment. The role of religion in the life of a man is one of the most important facet that has long lasting effect not only on an individuals life but its influence can be observed as a kaleidoscope of mixed

Europeanization of Islam in European Countries Research Paper

atomic number 63anization of Islam in European Countries - Research Paper ExampleThese migrations that took place over centuries occurred primarily due to a quest for a better life and better living conditions. However, some of these migrations were under(a) forced conditions, owing to various tribal, sectarian, or familial conflicts and sometimes also due to political zymolysis in the country of origin. The first prominent Muslim immigrants were those that settled in Spain, during eight century AD. along with such migrations, there was also the transfer of science, arts, literature, and various important literary transcripts also found their manner from the Arabian Peninsula to the Iberian Peninsula and soon spread to other compositions of Europe. Thus, there was a transfer of noesis and culture, and soon the host and the immigrant communities started influencing each other. Today after more 1500 years of migration and settlement, Islam has become an integral part of the demogr aphical, traditional and cultural landscape of Europe. They are no longer guests who will go back home, barely baffle become Europeans following the Islamic faith and with Islam becoming the second largest religious community in Europe within the last 50 years, this religion can longer be overlooked or sidelined.The first generation of the Muslim immigrants remained more close to their home upbringing and thus their Islam was more relevant to their home culture. However, the later generations after years of being born and bred in the European continent, now have two distinct lineages to maintain, one is the old traditions and culture of their grandparents and the other is the local culture of Europe. In the late years it has been seen that in spite of protests from the conservative Muslim circles, there has been a move to create an Islamic religion which is more adapted to the European way of life. This has been done with the express aim to amalgamate Islam and Europe more closel y so that the former can show its strength to adapt and flourish in its adopted country like it has done previously in Africa or Asia.

Weeks 6 to 10 journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Weeks 6 to 10 journal - Essay ExampleFrom the appraisals, I learnt that, I was amongst the most efficient members of the organization. I managed to acquire a high percentage of scores. The management was confident of my skills and abilities, spell the customers that we serve were impressed by my courtesy and zeal to serve their interests. I managed to learn that I am an efficient communicator, with the ability to solve problems in the most efficient manner. This was a boost to my morale, and the managers of the organization back up me to work hard, and improve further on my capabilities and skills.It is during this week that the management offered to train me on technological aspects of managing a court house, and the enormousness of innovation in the work place. This was an opportunity to advance my skills, and could earn me a advance at the court house, despite being an intern. During this week, the lesson learnt is that working hard in our duties, would result to better perfor mance. This in turn earns the respect of the management to an employee.During the seventh week of my internship, I was amongst the employees selected for training on training technology, and the importance of innovation in an organization. This selection was on merit, and it is because of the better results concerning my work during the appraisals. The trainings gave me an opportunity to learn new aspects of information technology and their importance in the administration of justice. For instance, I managed to learn that power point presentations in a court room help in explaining a point to the jury and the trial judge in a more effective way, than the use of oral presentation. Legal battles are always won on the manner in which an attorney presents the fact of the case in question.I also leant on the damaging impacts of information technology in the administration of justice, and key amongst the impacts is the

Relationship between fine art and commercial art Essay

Relationship between fine nontextual matter and commercial art - Essay ExampleOne time Andy was infected with rheumatic fever and was confined to bed. During this stay, Warhol read rum literature, made paper dolls, listened to the radio as well as posted images of movie celebrities around his bed. This period of his sickness was very significant in the developing his personality as well as in the forming of his preferences and skill-set.Warhol showed an untimely artistic ability and learned commercial art after recovering at the Carnegie Museum of Art. In several ways, Andy Warhol expanded and refined the idea of what it means to be an artist. He regularly took the producer position, preferably than a creator, not just as a painter, but as a filmmaker and with his economic enterprises as well. He was fond of coining an idea and then overseeing or delegating its implementation. As he advance this aspect of his work, The Factory grew into an office from an atelier. He became, and he is still a companys general face and a brand, as well as the core of Pop

Surveying and mapping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Surveying and mapping - Essay ExampleDesigning an effective and efficient lot net income is one of the essential aspects in the implement of field fall overs. In contrast, the send off of a check up on engagement is a complicated and sophisticated task because a survey network needs to project or exceed specified criteria for precision, reliability, sensitivity, and cost. Other pivotal factors must be taken into account in a feasible rule, such as geological criteria, suitability for equipment measurement, long term safety, field sentence and access costs (Talaya, et al., 1999). Therefore, it is vital to implement the techniques and instruments of the design of the survey network to deal with a soma of current problems. For instance, deformation monitoring network of dam (Gkalp and Ta, 2009), precise levelling of the network (Shahrum and Azhari, 2009), and control the network of construction, have drawn intensive attention for surveyors. The aim of survey network design is understood as creating an optimal network configuration and musing plan that satisfies the postulated network quality criteria (e.g., error ellipses and redundancy numbers) with minimum cost (Amiri-Simkooei and Sharifi, 2004). In other words, survey network design has two aspects using the current equipment and qualify to imbue the layout of the survey network with a higher the true, sensitivity and reliability the cost of the survey network is the lowest when the network meets the precision, sensitivity and reliability.... Increasing amounts of researchers have considered the very pivotal role feedback loops play in the overall progress of network design technology (Mishima 2009 Anderson, and Mikhail, 2003). With the growing need for increased feedback mechanisms to ensure accuracy and reliability, software such as Geolab has emerged to attempt to account for these measures through trial-and-error procedural least square toes valuation account. Still, the complete potential o f such a system remains to be understood. This research advances with a consideration consideration of this theoretical understanding. 1.2 Classification of survey network design In accordance with Grafarends suggestions (Grafarend, 1974), survey network design can be decomposed into four smaller problems. 1) Zero order design (ZOD) The guiltless network that is a known configuration and observation plan will select an optimal array system for the coordinate of control points and their variance. In other words, to determine the coordinates of vector X and the co-factor matrix when the design matrix and weight matrix of observation P is known, so that X is an objective function to extremes. Therefore, ZOD is an adjustment problem. 2) First order design (FOD) Design matrix A will be determined when the observation matrix P is known, so that approximately elements of the survey network reach a predetermined rate or the highest accuracy, or the best approximation to the Coordinate of a given matrix. 3) Second order design (SOD) To determine the weight matrix of observation P when the design matrix P is known, so that some elements can achieve the desired accuracy or the highest accuracy, or coordinate the best approximation of a co-factor matrix given matrix. 4) Third order design

The bottled water industry and its effects Essay

The bottled peeing industry and its effects - canvass ExampleAnother is by strengthening the practices of water conservation.By the year 2012, consumption of bottled water in the United States had risen to almost ten billion gallons representing 5.3% per capita consumption. It was estimated that every individual drank about thirty gallons yearly. case water saw an upsurge in real volume more than any other family of beverage in the country. Sales had increased by 6.7 per cent totaling about el flush billion dollars (Eshleman, 7). The reasons provided for the monumental consumption of this water are that most consumers pay close attention to healthy choices for themselves as healthful as their families and are assured that a refreshing, safe and convenient bottle of water contains no calories, qualification it the most suitable choice on the menu.Many also appreciate the reliability and consistency of its choice. both(prenominal) federal and state governments comprehensively regulate bottled water. The FDA (Food & Drug Administration) regulates it in the food product category, with guidelines that govern its quality as well as its safety, which are as rigorous as those of the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) of tap water (Andrews et al., 174).In spite of this, the bottled water industry has been facing a few challenges with regard to the field of sustainability. In the recent past, colossal opposition against bottled water has developed among an eclectic assortment of such advocates as restaurateurs, activists and even religious leaders. The propositions of the sectors operations have evoked vocal protestation from local communities. Their rationale is that the production of bottled water requires a lot of energy and generates large amounts of waste that could have long-term environmental effects. Various cities like Chicago have begun taking up action in this respect by taxing bottled water. Others, such as San Francisco have completely banned bot tled water from official functions. Toronto has not further banned the

Reading the Text of the Photograph Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading the Text of the Photograph - Essay ExampleThe catchs eyes are directed outside the window where she could be looking at some deoxidizeg which caught her attention or could just be lost in her thoughts. They twain appear to be pensive as both their lips are curved downwards. Both are wearing white which glow as the sun shines on them.Two throw reposes neatly covered by a weaved pattern appear beside the mother, with one pillow directly providing cushion to her back. To their back, at the upper left portion of the photograph appears a top thin table containing picture frames which are about nine in number. There are bigger frames, numeration three, which are mounted on the wall above the thin table. Most of the background is obscured in line of business to the bright light focused on the mother and child.It is possible that this picture is taken either after-hours morning (almost near noontime) or immediately after lunch. The photographer could possibly be a component of the family the father, or brother, or even a sister who wanted to capture the lazy, reposed mood of the members. It is possible that mother and child did not expect their photos to be taken, as they remain sober and melancholy.This photograph is taken indoors an auditorium where two prominently seated work force are close to the photographer. A total of seven men are clearly seen in this photo all smiling. These men could be good deal mates or members of an all male organization maybe a fraternity or a professional civil organization.It is eminent that these men are viewing someone, possible a colleague or a mortal with great humor. There were not viewing a film as their eyes were not focused on a movie screen but rather on someone directly in front of them. They could possibly be listening to a guest speaker or a batch mate talking about his previous experiences.The man on the right front seat was safekeeping a snack (possible filled with peanuts) and he was seated in a slouching position

Crisis and conflict are inevitable in capitalist economies Essay Example for Free

Crisis and conflict argon undeniable in capitalist eco zero(prenominal)ies analyseMarx believed that capitalist economy was doomed, and he developed an intricate analysis of the law of motion of capitalist monastic order to adjudicate it (Fusfeld 2002, p 50). At cardinal level his argument had a moral basis. He argued that the inherent injustices of capitalism lead ultimately to complaisant and frugal conditions, which cannot be maintained (Fusfeld 2002, p 50). On another level his argument is sociological class conflict- in the midst of a decreasing number of increasingly wealthy capitalists and a growing and increasingly miserable working class- will lead ultimately to a social regeneration (Fusfeld 2002, p 50).To conclude his Final argument is economic, that the accumulation of capital in private hands makes man eraable economic abundance yet accumulation also leads to depressions, chronic un physical exercise and the economic breakdown of capitalism (Fusfeld 2 002, p 50). At each level the idea of conflict is emphasized conflict between ideal reality, between capital and labor, and between stagnation (Fusfeld 2002, p 50). Out of conflict comes change, and in this respect according to Marx, capitalism must give way to another society in which conflict is replaced by ethical, social, and economic harmony. Furthermore, Marx argued that the crisis would contract deeper and severe longer as capitalism developed. disciple no. Z3220293 even so Marxs analysis of conflict indoors capitalist societies was limited by his theory of the laws of motion. He argued that conflict between classes created by an unequal scattering of wealth, and would ultimately lead to an unsustainable social situation prompting the demise of the world capitalist system. Thus, he sensed class conflict as the fatal flaw of capitalism. However his detractors would argue that conflict of some path exists in all human interactions and thus has existed in all political and economic systems, concluding that capitalism addresses this inherently human conflict in order to avoid crisis.In a capitalist society according to Marx, the two colossal economic interests are those of a capitalist and worker. These two classes stand reverse to each other, since the capitalist can prosper hardly if the worker is utilize. In this respect capitalism is only the latest in series of social organizations in which one class exists at the expense of another, utter in the communist manifesto. Marxists would further argue that peoples dominated politically or economically by corking capitalist nations now bear the burden of exploitation, poverty and unemploymentHowever as a proof of Marxs errors, his detractors summit to the rising living standards of modern nations. The working class has not been subjected to growing misery, and labor unions demand gained economic and political power in all major industrialized countries (Fusfeld 2002, p 50). Moreover, the working classStudent no. Z3220293has shared the increased wealth, income, and economic benefits that have been spread widely throughout all social classes.In spite of all the concessions that have been made to the working class, much(prenominal) as social welfare legislation, union organization and higher living standards Marxists contend that the basic defects of capitalism remain, holding back economic growth and postponing the emergence of the abundant society (Fusfeld 2002, p 50).Neverthe little Marxs prediction of the triumph of socialism and the origination of democratic, egalitarian, and nonexplotive society has not proved accurate. Capitalism was placed on the defensive by the rise of communist regimes in Russia and mainland China, and by the spread of socialism through many of the less-developed countries (Fusfeld 2002, p 60). But in nearly instances, these non-capitalist economies developed authoritarian political regimes, new forms of economic and social inequality, and new aspects of exploitation.Ultimately Marx argued, as Fusfeld states ( 2002) the thriftiness could achieve widespread abundance and produce enough for all, and at that point in human recital all people could be completely free, both politically and economically. Further more Marxist political economy suggested that capitalism could not achieve thisStudent no. Z3220293goal, as it prevented the full development of modern applied science and resulted in periodic stoppage of capital accumulation.However, it is evident that under capitalism technology has flourished. More so capitalism has provided the push for new productive industries, as it is a continued to growing and change. Thus much(prenominal) an economy slayers more opportunities then a stagnant one. For lesson China is the manufacturing hub of the globe. Even though China has its roots in communism it is still regarded as an extremely influential capitalist society. Its cities are booming. in that respect are more building cranes in china than in all the United States. Chinas super-highways are fill with modern cars. Its research and development centers are state of the art. At the rate its growing, China will briefly be the largest economy in the world. In these respects it is evident to conclude that under capitalism economies have grown and benefited, due to its productive nature.Further more, in a Marx perspective, labor under capitalism is exploited as it is not paid the full appreciate of the products and services it produces. The capitalist employs workers at the current occupy rate and works them for as many hours each day as possible, making sure that the value of the workers output is greater than the wage paid (Fusfeld 2002, p 61). This difference between the wage and the value added by the worker, which Marx refers to as surplus value, becomes the capitalist profit. Exploitation of the worker can be intensified, and the surplusStudent no. Z3220293value appropriated by the capitalist c an be increased, by an employers efforts to achieve lower wages, longer hours and an employment of greater number of women and children. Marx was correct in some respects, for example developing countries at present are experiencing high rates of exploitation. Women and children whom work in such exploitive environments in china for example for less then a few dollars a day are the truth in Marxs theory.More so, Marx go over of capitalism included a forecast of its inevitable break down. In some instances capitalism has served as an unstable society, which has been suffocated with conflict and crisis. For example the great depression and the 1987 recession. In both instances the economy had if not well-nigh hit bottom. In a Marxist view this could be concluded as the demise of capitalism. However his detractors would argue that conflict of some form exists in all political and economic systems, concluding that capitalism addresses this inherently human conflict in order to avoid cr isis.Which in some respects is true. For example on black Monday of the October 1987 when a stock collapse of unprecedented size lopped twenty-five percent off the Dow Jones industrial average. The collapse, larger than that of 1929, was handled well by the economy and the stock market began to quickly recover. More so during the great depression certain strategies were adopted to deal with the crisis. The new deal was the name given by President Franklin D. Roosevelt of programs between 1933-1938 with the goal relief, recovery and reform of the United StatesStudent no. Z3220293economy during the great depression. The new deal had three components, direct relief, economic recovery and financial reform. In these respects one can observe the recovery of capitalist economies and their ability to continue to grow.To conclude it is evident that crisis and conflict is inevitable in capitalism however such an economic system is able to adapt and recover from such conflict.References stud ent no. Z322093Campbell, D 1996, the failure of Marxism-the concept of inversion in Marxs critique, Dartmouth Press, LondonCohen, G A 1978, Karl Marx theory of history, Oxford University Press, LondonCulter, A, Hindess, B, Hirst, P Hussain, A 1977, marxs capital and capitalism today, Routledge Kegan Paul Ltd, LondonFusfeld, D 2002, the age of the economist, 9edn, Addison Wesley Press,Harman, C 1995, how Marxism works, 5edn, Bookmarks Press, Sydney.Worsley, P 2002, Marx and Marxism, revised edn, Routledge Press, London

W.E Dubois Essay Example for Free

W.E Dubois EssayWilliam Edward Burghardt Du Bois, known as W.E.B. Du Bois, was born on February 23, 1868, in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. In 1885, he moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to attend Fisk University. It was there that he first encountered Jim Crow laws. For the first time, he began analyzing the deep troubles of American racism. After earning his bachelors degree at Fisk, Du Bois entered Harvard University. After completing his masters degree, he was selected for a study-abroad program at the University of Berlin. While in Germany, he studied with some of the most prominent social scientists of his day and was expose to political perspectives that he remembered for the remainder of his life. In 1895, he became the first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University.A year later, Du Bois promulgated The Philadelphia Negro, marking the beginning of his writing career. In 1903, he published The Souls of Black Folk, a collection of 14 essays. In the years following, he adamantly opposed the motif of biological white superiority and vocally supported womens rights. In 1909, he co-founded the National Association for the packaging of Colored People (NAACP) and served as the editor of the associations monthly magazine, The Crisis. Du Bois was a proponent of Pan Africanism and helped organize several(prenominal) Pan African Congresses to free African colonies from European powers. He died on August 27, 1963, at the geezerhood of 95 in Accra, Ghana, while working on an encyclopedia of the African Diaspora.

Animal captivity Essay Example for Free

Animal captivity EssayTI am a lifelong fan of good zoos (note the adjective) and come visited dozens of zoos, safari parks and aquaria nigh the world. I also spent a number of years working as a voluntary keeper at two zoos in the U.K. and my own interests now span to the history of zoological collections and their design, architecture and research so it is probably fair to say Im firmly in the pro-zoo camp.However, I am perfectly willing to recognise that there are bad zoos and bad individual exhibits. non all animals are kept perfectly, much as I wish it were otherwise, and even in the better(p) examples, there is still be room for improvement. But just as the fact that some jurisprudence are corrupt does not mean we should not have people to enforce the law, although bad zoos or exhibits persist does not mean they are not worthwhile institutes. It merely means we destiny to manufacture more attention to the bad and improve them or close them. In either case, zoos (a t least in the U.K. and most of the western world) are generally a poor target for criticism in terms of animal welfare they have to keep the public onside or go bust and they have to stand up to rigorous inspections or be closed down. While a bad collection should not be ignored, if you are worried the care and treatment of animals in captivity I do-nothing point to a great many farms, breeders, dealers and private owners who are in far greater need or inspection, improvement or both.

Quantitative marketing research Essay Example for Free

Quantitative marketing enquiry EssayA. Market study The researchers used descriptive manner because the sudy needs detailed analysis and concord of the proposed business. Survey questionnaires served as the research instrument in collect culture about the needs and wants of the post market so that demand and supply forgeting be determined and analysed. The result of the survey leave alone determine the feasibility of the proposed business. The researchers pass on make use of questionnaires that leave be give to random by chosen respondents. The respondents of the study are the students of Saint Columban College. The researcher will use random sampling, by which random students is given an equal chance to be chosen as respondents. The survey questionnaire will be distributed to the students and they will be call into questioned for further acquisition of significant information. In accumulateing info, the researchers will use the survey method by distributing the ques tionnaires in the main entrance, exit, and in the campus of Saint Columban College. The survey questionnaire will be submitted to the experts for validity and dependableness purposes.After gathering all the data from the respondents, the researchers will tally the results and the total responses will be tabulated. The data will be interpreted and analysed to serve as the basis of the feasibility of the pizza haus. B. Human alternative Study The researcher will study a personal interview as an instrument of gathering data. The researcher proposed the type of ownership which is sole proprietorship for this type of organization. The companys identification come upon and its structure were determined through sharing of ideas, opinions and suggestions by the researchers.The researchers will visit the Department of Labor and employ (DOLE) for personal interview about the labor laws in the Philippines that must be observed in hiring employees, the sort out compensation of the employee s, proper handling of employees and establishing operating policies. The researchers will in addition visit other business to gather information in recruiting personnel in the creation of organizational structure, the researchers will make use of their ideas and knowledge that they learned from human resource management. C.Socio-Economic Study The researcher will conduct personal interview to commence a relevant information for the socio-economic study. The researcher will visit the local government to gather information about the unemployment rate of Pagadian City and what would be the effect if this proposed business will be established in the community. D. Environmental study In this study, the researchers will take precautionary actions in the proper disposal of yearn and the list of the possible effects or the impact of the business to the environment.The researchers will conduct personal interview to the local government officials to gather suggestions and idea on proper d isposal of wastes created by JAS Pizza Haus. to a fault with respect of the Law, the proposed business will take some precautionary actions with the legal documents that is required to establish this business. E. skilful Study In this study, the researchers will use a set of questionnaires in order to gather information. The questions will be focusing on the suppliers for the operation of the business.The group will go to Pagadian City to visit the champaign and to inquire for a vacant space outside Saint Columban College campus for the location of the Pizza Haus. The researchers will also visit a pizza parlor to consult and inquire for the equipment needed for baking a pizza, the suppliers of the pizza ingredients especially the dough and the service processes of the business. Also, the group will canvass the prices of the plastic chairs and tables from plastic wares store, and lastly, the group will talk to the owner of the spaces terms and conditions in renting.F. Financial Stu dy The researchers will conduct a personal interview from our adviser of this study and also from the CPAs for the means of gathering information of how much will be the capital needed for this proposed, and this capital will be taken from the investment of our proponent. Questions will focus on how much will be the cost of purchasing of those needed materials. The researchers will elaborate it properly to know the estimated budget for the overall initial investment of the proposed business.

The Iron Lady Essay Example for Free

The Iron Lady EssayThe Iron Lady BY sptke25 The Iron Lady If you lend a country like Britain, a strong country, a country which has taken a pencil glide by in world affairs in good times and in bad, a country that is evermore reliable, then you have to have a touch of iron just ab by you. Margaret Thatcher, the first woman to lead a major Western democracy, spoke these words. She served as Great Britains Prime take care for more than cardinal years (1979-1990), and led with an iron fist bringing down inflation in England, reviving the British economy, reclaiming the Falkland Islands, and neer wavering against the Soviets in the Cold War. Born as Margaret Hilda Roberts on October 13, 1925, in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England, she was the youngest daughter of Alfred and Beatrice Roberts. Her develop was a local blood lineman who operated a grocery store where the Roberts family lived in an apartment above. Thatcher was introduced to politics by her father. He was active in the town council and later became mayor. She was accepted at Oxford University where she studied chemistry, although it took second part to her love of politics. Thus, she became politically active on campus.She was elected president of the student Conservative Association at Oxford which ave way to many political connections for her future. She ran as the Conservative candidate for the Labour seat of Dartford at the public Elections of 1950 and 1951. Although she lost both times, she did win fame for being the youngest woman candidate in the country, since during the elections she was only in her mid- Losing never deterred Thatcher. She continued her involvement with twenties. the Conservative Party in Kent where she met her future husband, Denis Thatcher.They were married in 1951. He, being a wealthy businessman, funded her studies for the bar, and she became a barrister in 1953. It was that same year she and her husband excitedly welcomed their twins, Mark and Carol into their family. fifty-fifty though a new mother, Margaret Thatcher did non slow down her political rampage. She kept focus and ultimately in 1959 she smoothly took the election and claimed her seat in the House of Commons. She was everything from Secretary at the Ministry of Pensions and National insurance policy to Secretary of State for Education and Science.She gained many sponsors, as well as fueling many protesters peculiarly when she felt forced to make cuts in the Educational budget and tossed out free milk in the schools. This action gained her the nickname, Maggie Thatcher, milk snatcher. Her popularity and fortitude as a leader rebounded rather nicely, and she became the Conservative Leader. On January 19th, 1976 Thatcher make a speech in Kensington Town Hall. During this speech, she boldly attacked the Soviet Union.Her most famous lines were The Russians are circle on world dominance, and they are rapidly acquiring the bureau to become the most powerful over-embellish ed nation the world has seen. The men in the Soviet Politburo do not have to worry about the ebb and flow of public opinion. They put guns in the first place butter, while we put Just about verything before guns. Ministry newspaper, Red Star. Although others may have been offended by this, Thatcher took great pride in gaining that reputation from a government she held little to no admiration for.During the winter of 78/79 an epidemic of strikes broke out across Britain. The trade union was demanding pay increases. The government in place at the time, the Labours, seemed to be losing the trustfulness of the public, so at the General Election of May 1979, the Conservative party won. Margaret Thatcher was now the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. The first endpoint of Thatchers Ministry was filled with economic pitfalls. She and her government put many long term goals into effect, which slowly proved to be successful.The economy was finally on the rise. Much political support wa s bestowed upon her because of this success, and re-election looked viable, stock-still that fate would be sealed by another event The Falkland Islands. Argentina and Great Britain had been for years at odds with each other over the islands. The English had seized the Islands and remained in control of them since 1833. Yet on April 2, 1982 the Argentinian troops invaded the island. They quickly were able to overcome the British marines stationed there. Margaret Thatcher working with the U. S. dministration hoped that a more diplomatic means would be possible while attempting to regain the islands, yet when this approach failed, she quickly and assuredly ordered armed services action. In doing so, Britain regained the Falkland Islands by June of 1982. The electorate was quite impressed and she swiftly won the 1983 election. Mrs. Thatcher was a staunch anti-communist and a supporter of NATOs decision to deploy U. S. Pershing and cruise missiles in Western Europe during the Cold War. She also took a booth against anti-nuclear demonstrators at Greenam Common.The demonstrators were curry on topping the delivery of the 160 missiles to be placed there. She also set the foundation for and delivered a modernized British Fleet consisting of Trident II nuclear submarines. She made her position quite clear as she stood with Ronald Reagan declaring that the Soviet Union was an evil enemy who deserved no No compromise, however, did not mean no discussion Thatcher compromise. was not afraid to discuss the massive nuclear problem or the woes of communism with the newly elected Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev.She found him to be extremely open-minded. He was imparting to debate, beseech his point, yet listen to the ther side. In an interview with CBS newsman Tom Fenton, she stated that he was the first somebody to have said Look, all our hopes of communism are not being realized. It is not producing the standard of living, it is not producing the standard of technology, it is not producing the standard of social services. This total central control will not do, it will not do it, we have got to have more individual personal involvement.She felt that Gorbachev knew an increase of freedom was inevitable for improving his country. Thatcher found that she liked the man and was quoted as saying that she felt they could do business together.

The Handmaids Tale - short summary Essay Example for Free

The Handmaids Tale short abbreviation EssayThe novel The Handmaids Tale written by Margret Atwood is ab break through how the government chose to control the way the fellowship was run and control the lives of men and women. The novel tells the story from the perspective of a middle-aged woman named Offred who questions societys authorized beliefs and conventions. Offred is a handmaid in the Republic of Gilead who is constantly questioning the government beliefs and rules. Her character pushes the limits set out by the government. This is thoroughly illustrated through her defiance of against the social conventions, her methods of challenging them and the final outcome of her challenge. Firstly, Offred challenges many laws inwardly The Handmaids Tale including socializing with the commander and Nick, and being in the academic term room. Handmaids atomic number 18 a class who argon non to socialize with the commander Offred explains, Its forbidden for us to be alone with the commanders (Atwood 128). She spends a large measuring rod of time with the commander although she is healthy aware of the laws wi abridge the community. Being a handmaid Offred is not allowed into the sitting room.One night she wanders down to the sitting room to try something new, she is there to be free she comparables to be on her own. I like this. I am doing something, on my own. The active Tense. Tensed. What I would like to steal is a knife from the kitchen, but Im not ready for that (Atwood 92). At this point Nick interrupts her. Nick and Offred are not allowed to associate with each other. I freeze, white was a mistake. Im snow in moonlight, even in the dark (Atwood 92). She breaks laws, knows what she is doing to be wrong but her need to test the laws convinces her to proceed.Secondly, the novel indicates that Offred breaks many laws by outgo time alone with the commanders and her presence in the sitting room with Nick. Offred visits with the commander and revivi fys scrabble with him. Id like you to play a game of Scrabble with me. he says (Atwood 130). In playing scrabble she breaks the law against handmaids spending independent time with commanders without the supervision of the wife. One night she heads down into the sitting room to do something rebellious. She has the thought of stealing. In the wood at midnight, magic flower.A withered daffodil with daffodils will soon be impel out (Atwood 92). Shortly after Nick interrupts her. He puts his hand on my arm, pulls me against him, his mouth on mine, what else comes from such denial? Without a word. Both of us shaking, how Id like to. In Serenas parlour, with the direct flowers on the Chinese carpet, his thin body My hand goes down I could unbutton, and then. But its too dangerous (Atwood 92) Although she is cautious about her choices she lull breaks the laws, she knows what she is doing and she still continues.Finally, while ignoring the laws, Offred gains many things including the ne ed for and the suffering, excitement, laughter and approve of a strong friendship. After her fundamental interaction with Nick she becomes confused and anxious You freighter wet the rim of a glass. This is what I feel like this sound of glass. I feel like the word shatter. I want to be with someone (Atwood 97). She is afraid. She does not know what to think about this passion she is having. But this is wrong nobody dies from lack of sex. Its lack of love we die from. There is nobody her I can love, all the people I could love are dead or elsewhere.Who knows where they are or what their names are now? They might as well be nowhere, as I am for them. (Atwood 97) The friendship she gains with the commander affects her in powerful ways, she begins to feel differently about herself. I am thirty-three years old. I have brown hair. I pedestal five seven without shoes. I have trouble remembering what I used to look like. I have viable ovaries. I have one more chance Circumstances have change (Atwood 135). It is shown that her actions cause her confusion and she is in a state where she had begun to have hope.In conclusion, the author Margret Atwood follows the pattern of fancied novels with The Handmaids Tale by having the main character, Offred, constantly questioning the social beliefs and conventions in the Republic of Gilead. Offreds want for a better life is illustrated through her challenges against the social standards, her methods of testing them and the final outcome of her defiance. Sarah Driscoll January 17, 2005 Show preview only when The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Margaret Atwood section.

Divine Justice In King Lear Essay Example for Free

Divine judge In King Lear EssayKing Lear inspires m some(a)(prenominal) philosophical questions chief among them is the existence of divine honestice. This be take a breatherf was particularly important during the Elizabethan era, because religion played such a significant role in e actuallyday life. Religious leaders directed people to expect that they would have to answer to a higher(prenominal) authority, expressing some hope that earnest would triumph and be rewarded over disgust. barely throughout King Lear, good does not triumph without honorable characters suffering terrible loss. In fact, at the plays conclusion, many of the good characters lie dead on the stageLear, Gloucester, and Cordelia. In addition, the audience hears that Kent will soon die, and the Fool has earlier disappeared, presumably to die. Of course, the evil characters are also dead, but their punishment is to be pass judgment according to the laws of divine justice. But how then does the audience account for the punishment and, finally, the death of the good characters in King Lear?Lear makes several poor choices, nigh importantly in misjudging the sincerity of his daughters words but when he flees out into the open heath during a storm, his madness seems a painful and excessive punishment to witness. Parallel to Lears punishment is that which Gloucester suffers. The plucking of Gloucesters eyes can be perceived as another instance in which divine justice is lacking. Gloucester has made several errors in judgment, as has Lear but the brutal nature of Gloucesters blindingthe plucking out of his eyes and the crushing of them under Cornwalls bootsis surely in excess of any errors he might have made.Both Lear and Gloucester endure terrible physical and affable suffering as punishment for their misjudgment, but before dying, both men are reunited with the child separately earlier rejected. This resolution of the child-parent conflict, which earlier tore apart both families, m ay be seen as an divisor of divine justice, although it offers little gratification for the audience.Throughout King Lear, the audience has witnessed Edmunds growing success as a reward for his evil machinations. But when Edgar and Edmund meet in Act V, the duel between these two brothers is very different from the traditional match for sport. Christian tradition recalls several biblical battlesbetween good and evil, as divine justice is an important component of trial by combat. The duel between Edgar and Edmund is really a conflict that replays this ongoing battle between good and evil, with Edgars defeat of Edmund obviously signaling the triumph of function over corruption. Edgars victory, as well as his succession of Lear, as king of Britain, points to an intervention of divine justice.And yet, when Lear enters with Cordelias body, any immediate ideas about divine justice vanish. The deaths of Cornwall, Edmund, Regan, and Goneril have lulled the audience into a belief that the gods would restore separate to this chaotic world. But Cordelias death creates new questions about the role of divine justice a just god could not account for the death of this faithful and loving daughter.In spite of the seemingly insensible death of this young woman, Shakespeare never intended for his audience to escape the painful questions that Cordelias death creates. Instead, the audience is expected to struggle with the question of why such tragedies occur. The deaths of Gloucester and Lear are acceptable. Both have made serious errors in judgment, and although both came to recognize their complicity in the destruction that they caused, the natural resolution of this change was an acceptance of their future, whatever it held. But Cordelia is young and blameless. She is completely good and pure.At the plays conclusion, the stage is littered with bodies, some deserving of death and some the innocent victims of evil. Cornwall has been destroyed by his own honest servant Edmun d is killed by the brother he sought-after(a) to usurp both Goneril and Regan are dead, one murdered and the other a suicide the obedient steward, Oswald, is dead, a victim of his own compulsion to obey. In the end, no easy answer surfaces to the question of divine justice, turf out that perhaps man must live as if divine justice exists, even if its only a product of rich and wishful imaginations.

Cruiseline Industry Research Essay Example for Free

Cruiseline Industry Research Essay quite of a long and boring catch, cruise industry can offer a perfect integrity with full of fun. Nowadays, there are a lot cruise companies around the world and bazaar stool, Princess Cruises and august Caribbean International are the close famous. Next the breeding of those companies will be discussed in order to project how they are operated and what kinds of changes they are done. 1. The development of genus Circus heap pleasure ground Corporation is the first cruise performer in the world, boasting about dozen cruise lines and about 100 institutionalizes with a total passenger capacity of more than 190,000. This company was founded in 1972 by Ted Arison and his former schoolmate Meshulam Riklis. At the time, the first venture of Carnival purchased was Mardi Gras( previous name Empress of Canada). Although its future voyage went better and better, Arison had to think about cutting the exist of each run, like reducing fuel co nsumption by reducing the speed and the frequency of moolah it made as a result of the companys debt which was more than 5 jillion dollars. If this was true, the passenger would have to spend more time on the trip, so Arison added other value-added services entertainment feature, including nightclubs, disco music and so on.In fact this was a revolution for the whole cruise industry to make the trip fun. Accordingly, Mardi Gras was called Fun ship. This was the part of early development of Carnival. Next part includes the growth and expansion from 1970 to 1980. With the aid of the hit television series The Love Boat, the cruise industry was revitalized. At that time, Arison bought another 2 ships the Carnival bought in 1975 the Festivale bought in 1977. In 1978, he also booked the fourth ship, the Tropicale. As the result of expansion, Carnival had three ships running one week cruises From Florida to Caribbean.In the beginning of 1980s, Arison ordered three more ships so that Car nival owned the largest cruise line fleet with seven ships in the world. Around 1980-1990, it had a satisfying change from strategic view. In order to fill all these ships, Carnival made use of diametrical kinds of promotion methods. Firstly, Carnival took advantage of aggressive marketing and advertising strategies. Its marketing channel was Fun carry advertising campaign in 1984 through talk shows and the largest network television.Secondly, Carnival tried to gain the maintain from travel agents which could have recommended Carnival cruises as the first choice to the customers. Thirdly, Carnival offered cheaper, shorter trips to attract younger, more middle class customers compared with previous customer segments. Carnival tried best to run at full capacity. In addition, Carnival paid attention to strategic acquisitions. Carnival was not only buying the cruise shipping parentage (Holland America Line, 1988) but also the companies (Windstar Sail Cruises and Holland America Wes tours) that included hotels. During the year following the acquisition, Carnival carried 579,000 passengers, generating $600 million in revenues and earning profits of $196 million. After that, it was another period for Carnival 1990-2000. in that respect was no much profound change since the last period. In 1991, Carnival ordered a 300 million dollar ship Sensation and a 315 million dollars ship Fascination. The largest passenger ship Carnival Destiny which was at 101,000 tons and had room for 2,640 people set for sail in 1996.The super-luxury cruise line business for Carnival came in 1998 contributing to Cunards five ships which is the QE2, THE Vistafjord, the Royal Viking Sun and Sea Goddess I and II. At that time, Carnival did the most important acquisition the Cunard White Star Line. Then the company changed its legal name to Carnival Corporation in 1998. Next stage was the new millennium it was not easy for Carnival in the beginning. There were several reasons the terroris t attacks in 2001 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SAS) share price fell and profits waned to a lower place fire for covering up illegal dumping.In 2002, Carnival acquired Princess Cruises with 5, 67 billion bids through the disceptation with Royal Caribbean. 1980-1990 significant change Growth and Expansion 1970-80 Early history Founded in 1972 Strategic acquisitions An forward-looking marketing Campaign Growth and Expansion 1990-2000 New millennium The structure of the development of Carnival Corporation 2. The development of Princess Cruises Princess Cruises is a British-American owned cruise line, based in Santa Clarita, California in the United States. Princess Cruises was founded in 1965.The first two ships were Princess Patricia and Italia. Then Princess Cruises was acquired by the worlds largest shipping company with 320 ocean difference vessels which name was Britains Peninsular amp Oriental Steam Navigation Company (PampO) in 1974. With the development of its Cruise industry, P amp O Princess Cruises paid more attention to acquirement. In 1986, Pamp O Princess Cruises acquired round Alaska. After next two years, Sitnar Line was purchased by P ampO Princess Cruises and all of its major(ip) tonnage was transferred to Princess which includes three ships under construction.

The Nature of Demand for Shipping Essay Example for Free

The Nature of Demand for transportation system EssayThe transfer industry is engaged in the production of water borne transport of goods and people. This industry merchantman be defined as a group of individual industries or sectors operating within various markets and reacting to different economical conditions. The primary economic function of shipping services is, like wholly transport, to noseband the gap which exists between producer and consumer. Shipping is an expanding, global business which carries most of the solid grounds traded goods it is relatively free of capacitance constraints, and less harmful to the environment than other transport modes. The future offers substantial opportunities for the shipping industry, bringing with them the effectiveness for significant inward investment and wider economic benefits for the valet de chambre. For example if we look in to the economic contribution of shipping in UK we can see Efficient shipping is vital to our economic well-being 95% of our immaterial trade by weight (77% by value) and 7% of domestic freight tonnage (but around 25% in terms of tonne kilometres), moves by water.So when we will judge the nature of demand for shipping we have to look into the traditional demand supply rules of economic theory. Human wants are the core of all economic activities. This is the core of economic analysis that how people choose what needs they are going to execute through the use of which resources. In economics, demand means effective demand or demand that is back by ability to pay. The demand for shipping is effective demand because it has actually been satisfied by the world fleet.Generally demands for transport results from demand for goods. Without the demand for goods thither would be no demand for transport. Here transport itself is not the primary demand, its the secondary one. Where it (the demand for transport) derives from the need of goods to be transported. Thats why the demand of the mode of transport, here shipping, is a derived demand. So shipping demand is determined by the last(a) consumers for the Product. Here the level of ocean borne trade determines the design of shipping and cargo space required.For Example, after 02nd world war ,the rapid world wide industrialization, resulted in concentrated centres of production and consumption, which led to rapid growth of world trade and particularly shipping. 3 So Shipping is directly connect to world trade. And world trade is directly related to world output or production. Here industrial economic exploitation is the central factor in the volume of sea borne trade, but the volume can also be influenced by technological development and political factors.And this demand for shipping is mainly derived from two sources, the demand for the commodities for industrial utilisation and demand for those commodities for final consumption. As said before that shipping demand is an effective demand because the deman d for the quantity of an economic good which can be transported by ships at each and every possible price during a given time period. And also because the shipping of commodities creates utility because it creates user value in a number of ways like 4 1.The inferior of Place and Location Shipping makes it the availability of goods in a certain place where they are wanted. For example Australian apple or Costarican banana is available in the UK super market. 2. The Utility of Time Shipping makes the availability of goods when they are required heating oil during the winter. 3. The Utility of Form Shipping services contribute to make the change in the material or corpo legitimate form of a good in such a way to increase its ability to see wants. For example ,middle east crude oil converted to gas or petroleum in refineries beside to consumer markets.4. Intangibles Like other services, shipping service is also intangible in that it does not result in the physical production of a commodity. The growth rates of 1999 had been strongly distorted by the Asian crisis. In 2000 a sound recovery took place. Both world trade growth of 8. 0 per cent and the world output growth of 3. 0 per cent represent favourable values, but did not entirely move up to the higher levels in 1994, 1995 and 1997.For the years 2000 and 2001, OECD and other international organisations expect a growth rate of real world output of 4.3 per cent and 3. 8 per cent, respectively, with clearly higher rates for world trade, namely roughly 10 per cent and more than 8 per cent, respectively. This will boost especially world container shipping towards regular(a) higher growth rates5 Table 01 World Output, World trade and shipping trend 1993 to 2010. (IMF/World rim ISL-Estimates)SourceISL Shipping Statistics and Market Review 2000 Table 02 World merchant fleet Annual tonnage changes as of January 1st, 1987-2001 (dwt-% change) Source ISL Shipping Statistics and Market Review 2000

Financial audit Essay Example for Free

fiscal analyze EssayA deficiency in internal control exists when the spirit or motion of a control does non allow heed or employees, in the normal course of execute their assigned functions, to prevent, or detect and correct, misstatements on a timely basis. A deficiency in design exists when (a) a control necessary to meet the control objective is missing, or (b) an existing control is not properly designed so that, even if the control belongs as designed, the control objective would not be met. A deficiency in operation exists when a properly designed control does not operate as designed or when the person performing the control does not possess the necessary say-so or competence to perform the control effectively. * Material weakness.A deficiency or a compounding of deficiencies, in internal control, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the entitys financial statements will not be prevented, or detected and corrected, on a tim ely basis. * Significant deficiency. A deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control that is less severe than a material weakness yet important enough to merit attention by those charged with governance. AU-C 265 also claims that the listener should communicate to management at an appropriate level of responsibility, on a timely basis. in writing, of import deficiencies and material weaknesses that the auditor has communicated or intends to communicate to those charged with governance, unless it would be inappropriate to communicate directly to management in the circumstances. * in writing or orally, other deficiencies in internal control identified during the audit that have not been communicated to management by other parties and that, in the auditors professional judgment, are of sufficient brilliance to merit managements attention. If other deficiencies in internal control are communicated orally, the auditor should document the communication.

My Sisters Keeper Essay Example for Free

My Sisters Keeper renderIn My Sisters Keeper, Jodi Picoult weaves a gripping tale of pathos, humor, and love. As thirteen-year-old Anna Fitzgerald struggles to define herself as a person apart from her sister Kate, Picoult exposes the universal truths of human relationships. Life is full of choices and consequences. Love demands risks and sacrifice self-contemplation and sharing. As the characters unfold, in their own words, the importance of communication emerges as a unifying theme. Kate Fitzgerald is dying of crisp promyelocytic leukemia. A kidney transplant is her only hope. Annas pargonnts assume without question, that she will offer her kidney.Aware that she was conceived to be a genetic match, and ongoing donor for Kate, Anna wants a chance to live her own life. Though she loves her sister dearly, Anna retains Campbell Alexander, desire medical emancipation, knowing that without the surgery Kate will die. Thus begins the saga of seven lives intertwined in ways none co uld perpetually have imagined. Anna forces a legal confrontation that compels each character to examine the relationships in their lives. Sara Fitzgerald has focused compulsively on Kates medical needs, unwittingly ignoring the needs of other family members.Brian, a firefighter, finds respite from his familys ills on the job, and in the stars, which become a metaphor for life. Jesse, eighteen, is the family misfit. Unable to help Kate, he is wracked by guilt. A rebel, he becomes an unlikely healing force. As the court proceedings swirl around Anna, all involved are forced to reckon with the ghosts of their pasts and the paths they have chosen. Picoult addresses the ethics of the situation only tangentially. The ending is superbly crafted, literally puff the reader into the text. This is a cosmic tale about relationships and endurance, and the ability of love to change lives forever.

Fast Food Industry study of Pizza Hut

Fast Food Indus fork over break down of pizza shantyIntroductionA major transformation in business worry is that placements be testifying to optimize every(prenominal) nerve of business. on that point has been a keen strain into every aspect of business which mass give the government activity a equipment casualty or bore knock against over its competitors. Effective tot up compass trouble (SCM) is capable of both the above menti wholenessd advantages. If we look into the sundry(a) components of SCM and analyze their conditional relation in the context of the above we find that they argon quite squ ar and capable of achieving price and quality edge over competitors.In this look the focus pull up stakes be to reflect conglomerate factors influencing the put up kitchen stove guidance in lush diet exertion by referring to pizza hut. The aspects associated to price quality and node satisfaction topic be covered with this inquiry. The close sustenan ce application has seen huge transformations in the recent past the affect of these transformations on the fork over orbit management is to a fault discussed in this look. compassAs we know that bring string manages the entire materials from suppliers (Suppliers of raw materials to the organization) to retailers and distri andors to the clients. There atomic number 18 mingled disciplines tortuous in this system. for example the supplier relations management, inventory management, distribution system, retail management, reverse emerge kitchen stove management. It has been observed that action in one discipline peck influence the performance of the whole chain and similarly the performance of the organization. (T.J. Peters 1982 Riddalls 2002).More and more than organizations / industries are identifying the signifi stubce of tot up chain management. In footing of inquiry there are three most researched issues in the whole add chain management, they areInformation flow through and through supply chainInventory / wareho phthisis perplexityOperations Management (queuing system)The agile pabulum industry is one of the most competitive industries. The competition majorly dep hold ons upon price, quality and swear out (which are nucleus aspects of communicate Chain Management). therefore there is immense pressure on all the organizations in the fast food industry to honour the three aspects examine above to their supreme best.As fast food industry is one of the most emerged industries in the recent past, the supply chain has seen huge transformations in this industry. The industry is still emerging so as the transformations in the supply chain management of this industry. so this study helps the learner identify and get wind the factors driving change and the factors influencing the supply chain performance.few of the research questions and research objectives are underpinnedenquiry QuestionsThis research get out not only try to present th e study associated with the title of the research but impart also try to answer the questions mentioned belowWhat is the core consequence of supply chain?What is the signifi flush toiletce of Supply Chain Management in fast food industry?What are the major components of Supply Chain Management?How authoritative is information sharing to cargo deck the supply chain useful?What factors influence / drive supply chain management in fast food industry?How is require forecast supply managed accurately?What is the tinge of supply chain management on overall performance of pizza sea chantey and in creating brand name for Pizza Hut?How does Pizza Hut manage their SC effectively?Similarly the research has set some objectives for itself to achieve in the course of this study. The research objectives are mentioned underneathResearch ObjectivesAligned with research questions we have set few objectives for this research. They are listed underneathTo understand the supply chain practices in fast food industryTo understand the difference amongst SCM practices in fast food industry and in other industries (manufacturing Service sector)To substantiate that effective core competencies can lead to competitive advantageIdentify significance of various parties in the supply chain on the performance of the supply chainTo understand the service level impact on the supply chainThe organization / comp both chosen for this researchPizza hut was started in the year 1958 by two brothers Dan Frank Carney. This was an idea suggested by a common friend which they concord to. In 1972 they introduced corporate strategy. In the mid 90s the profits of Pizza Hut were declining. Hence Dan Frank Carney thought of selling out the company. In the year 1997 Yum Brands acquired pizza hut and is currently (Pizza hut) under Yum BrandsHighlight of Pizza hut is its variety in Pizza, garlic bread, pasta and breadsticks. In order to meet the yieldion of the mentioned (menu) proceedss pizza needs to co-ordinate all the suppliers of vegetables, chicken and bread and work in coordination with them. Keeping this aspect in effect(p) is the key success factor of Pizza Hut. As we know that if an organization can manage its core competencies effectively they can surely act as competitive advantage for the company.As the ingredients for various wares of pizza hut are acquired through various suppliers from different parts of the globe. There has to be proper dialogue to keep the supplies and demand under check. In order to keep this aspect effective the company has utilise Total Quality Management (TQM) accomplish.The strategic policy of Yum Brands involve the suppliers to understand their role and impact in the overall performance of the organization. This keeps the supplier relations management aspect in place for the organization.Pizza Hut has restaurants and they also deliver their products to customers place. The supply chain in these cases differs. If it is served at the restaurant then it usually shortens the supply chain and if the product (pizza, pasta etc), then the supply chain has transportation allowd in the supply chain.Both these aspects leave be discussed in detail in this studyLimitations of the studyAs the research focuses on the supply chain management of fast food industry, there may be few differences in the supply chain then the supply chain of other industries. This research does not specifically answer questions which are out of the industry / focus of this research.The supply chain of fast food industry keeps changing in short intervals. We have foc utilise this study on supply chain of Pizza hut. This may answer the ecumenic questions with the supply chain of fast food industry but may not answer the specific questions of other organizations.Literature reviewSupply chain plays a unfavorable role in maintain the organizations brand image and service levels in the market. In this section we leave alone speak about Sup ply Chain Management (SCM) in general first and then will confine it to the fast food industry.Supply chain is the depot employ to define the parties involved in the process of meeting customer demand. The parties involved in the supply chain areSuppliersManufacturers / producersDistributorsRetailerscustomers(Riddalls, C.E., Bennett, S., 2002) (Stanley E. Fawcett and Gregory N. 2004)A apprize of their role in the supply chain in underpinnedAs we know that supply chain management is a discipline that manages and controls the flow of information throughout the various departments to meet the customer demands. The supply chain starts from the extreme beginning of the manufacturing process i.e. acquiring the raw materials from the suppliers or in other words choosing the suppliers and ends at the extreme end of the production process i.e. the customers. (Raghavan, N.R.S., Viswanadham, N., 2001)The members or parties of the supply chain are briefed belowSuppliers suppliers are a signi ficant party in the supply chain. The raw materials are supplied / acquired through this resource. In hurt of quality of materials / products the suppliers are held responsible. The price of the product depends upon the price of the raw material as well and the supply of raw material will influence the companys ability to meet the customer demand at the decline time. Hence we can say that suppliers have a great impact on the price of the product and companys ability to meet the customers demand on time. (Riddalls, C.E., Bennett, S., 2002)Manufacturers / Producers These are the members who convert raw materials / semi end goods to finished goods. The production process is significant as the company judges the quality and attributes of the process in this build hence manufacturers also influence the quality of the product. (Riddalls, C.E., Bennett, S., 2002)Distributors These are people who are responsible to make the product reach to the market (retailers). The distributors can b e also termed as marketing intermediaries. There are various aspects associated with marketing of a product and choosing the advanced distributors. The reach of the distributor will always be like a shot proportional to the accessibility of the product in the market. (Riddalls, C.E., Bennett, S., 2002)Retailers These are people who are at the end of the supply chain. In other words these are the people who sell the product to the customers (supermarkets, stores etc). They are one of the significant members in the supply chain as they are in direct contact with the customers. They represent the product on behalf of manufacturer to the customers. The demand and customer feedback can be analyzed at this level. (Riddalls, C.E., Bennett, S., 2002)Customers These are the end users of the products. Customers were not considered as a part of supply chain, but the contemporary methods and study has added customers into the supply chain. (Riddalls, C.E., Bennett, S., 2002)The significance of these parties in the supply chain varies in context to industries. hardly a(prenominal) of the terms involved in SCM are underpinnedInventory sizeThis helps the organization decide the amount (size) of inventory to be ordered. This is one of the significant aspects in the fast food industry as this helps the organization not only order the right sum of money but also meet the customers needs with minimum resources possible. (Raghavan, N.R.S., Viswanadham, N., 2001)Replenishment Lead TimeThis refers to the time between placing an order and acquiring the raw material. Usually lead time is always considered as an entity that makes the supply chain ineffective (loss in supply chain). (Raghavan, N.R.S., Viswanadham, N., 2001)Stock outsStock outs are very common in every trade. This is a situation that arises due to miscommunications in supply chain parties, lack of analysis, bad demand and gross revenue forecasting.Safety telephone lineThis is the excess stock that a firm maintains to manage demand fluctuations. The safety stock is maintained at the lowest levels as most of the firms are efficient in sales forecasting. grade PointThis is a point in inventory levels wherein the firm feels the need to order more inventories. particular(prenominal) TO FAST FOOD INDUSTRYFast food is referred to food which can be cooked easily and can be eaten quickly. There are various food chains across the world, which are famous for fast food.If we look into the history of the fast food industry, the roots of fast food are from 1920s and from fifties this industry saw a rapid growth. There are many reasons for this transformation in food habits of people. People were busy and did not find time to cook food or even to custody for long hours after ordering food. There arose the term fast food. The Asians ( ad hocally Chinese) are responsible for this term and industry. There lies the secret behind the customer expectations. Customers expect food to be served quickly, should be delicious and should be healthy. In this scenario all the parties of the supply chain play a major role in meeting this expectation. (Tony Hines, 2004)Few of the objectives of supply chain management in fast food industry are mentioned underneathSupply chain planningThis sets the chain direction and the strategies associated with all the aspects of supply chain. This is the overall sketch of the supply chain. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004) procurementThis is the process of selecting a supplier and managing healthy and profitable relation with them. This also helps the organization maintain quality of their products. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004)Inventory managementThis process helps the organization maintain right level of stock in the organization and eliminate stock outs with variation in demand for the product. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004)PackagingThis is a discipline that hel ps in ensuring right package design and reducing the cost by encouraging the recycling process of packaging. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004)WarehousingThis is the process of storing the raw material, semi finished and finished goods. Effective storage and correct warehouse design can reduce the overall cost of the product (eliminates transportation cost to a certain extent) and improve the availability of the product. The other factors in this discipline are safety of the product, storage methods and locations of the warehouses. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004)TransportationThis process refers to transportation management of goods. This includes all the possible modes of transferring goods from one location to another. The records maintenance are also included in this aspect. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004)LogisticsThis is referred to the use of technology in maintaining all the discip lines of supply chain effectively. The use of softwares is a trend in logistics management (CRM softwares). (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004)Customer Service and marketingThis refers to meeting the customer expectations effectively and creating new opportunities through customer service. This is one of the major aspects that organizations are focusing in contemporary business world. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004)The entire above mentioned are effective ways to remain competent, exist and grow in the market. Therefore managing supply chain effectively can help the business prosper.There are few other associated concepts which have an influence on the supply chain, one of them is Bull Whip Effect.Bull Whip EffectThis is referred to sudden increase in customer demand that forces the supply chain to reconsider its strategy and rear cast off the stocks in the supply chain. This forces the management to include more stocks i nto the system to meet the increased product demand. The Bull whip effect always flows in reverse direction to the flow of products. I.e. starting with realtor and ending it with the supplier of raw materials to the manufacturers. (Raghavan, N.R.S., Viswanadham, N., 2001), (Peter D Ball, 2006)There are various reasons of Bull Whip Effect few of them are mentioned underneathUnder estimation of demandWrong sales reportInefficiencies Lead time managementMiscommunication in the supply chain(Peter D Ball 2006)Hence we can say that effective communication (information flow) in the supply chain is significant.The fast food industry cannot store the stock (Raw materials) in advance. Most of the products are vegetables and souses, which need to be fresh. Hence effective supply chain management is required.It has been observed that the major focus of most of the fast food chains is to improve the service levels (quality of the product and delivery time to the customers). Recently it has also been observed that in developing countries such as India, Pakistan, Srilanka and others, the fast food industry is focusing on the quantity and price factors. Once again this can be achieved through effective supply chain management.Research methodological analysisResearch methodology plays a vital role in the burden of every research. There are various aspects, which a tec needs to consider, before during and after gathering selective information for a research. Few of the aspects are presented underneath and are discussed in the context of the research. (Cooper, D. Schindler, P. 1998)Research antennaThere are various research approaches possible. Few of them are underpinnedInductive approachDeductive approachQualitative approach three-figure approach(Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. 2003)A brief of the above four is given belowInductive approach The term itself indicates that this process starts with a point and ends up adding information and few more points on the way t hrough to making general interpretations about the research topic. (Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. 2003)Deductive approach This refers to an approach that starts with few concepts and theories and tries to confine the pass on in the context of the research focus. This is one of the widely used approaches to reach to a conclusion in general researches to add more specific information to existing concepts. (Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. 2003)Qualitative approach This approach relies on the existing theories and practices. In other words this approach is based on the tested and proven methods. The gettable literature is the major source in this approach. This is called qualitative as the research results can be more reliable then compared to other methods / approaches of research. (Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. 2003)Quantitative approach This is one of the widely used research approaches. This approach relies on a wider study and does not majorly rely on the literature, instead will take a concept or theory from the existing literature and will research about it in the purlieu (surroundings). This is one of the approach used to make general interpretations about a concept or theory. The major methods of this research approach are surveys, questionnaire, interviews etc. (Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. 2003)The research approach for this research will not be restricted to any of the research approaches. We will use all the approaches possible to keep this study effective. As there are various factors influencing the supply chain and the fast food industry is specific, hence we will try to emanate the drawbacks of various approaches and will use all possible methods to gather apt and result oriented info.Research StrategyResearch strategy for every research is significant. As we know that this influences the outcome of the research, hence we have decided to formulate two questionnaires for gathering data. One will focus on the management and the other will focus on the experiences of the customers. This will also help in viewing all the aspects in this research. For this research we will also contact few industry experts to analyse the interpretations and results of the research to keep it effective.Data sourcesThere are various sources through which data can be pull together. The data for any research can be divided into two categories. They areResearch specific data (Primary data)Supporting data (secondary data)The above two are explained in brief belowResearch Specific dataThis is also known as essential data. The term itself indicates that this data is specific to the research. The data that is collected to answer the set research questions is known as primary data. The major sources for gathering data in this category are interviews, focus groups, surveys, observations, questionnaires, telephonic interviews, etc (Bryman, A. Bell, E. 2003)Supporting dataThis refers to the data that fills the gaps left by the primary data. As the major function of this data is to support the research, hence this is known as supporting data. This data is not research specific, instead is gathered from the available literature or some other pertinent research. The major sources through which this data can be gathered are academic books, magazines, newspapers, internet, etc (Bryman, A. Bell, E. 2003)The data for this research will be gathered through formulating two questionnaires and using two methods. First we will try to contact the management of Pizza hut through email and take their responses on the questionnaire the second will be to carry-out a general survey in public to know about the customer service (and associate it with the effectiveness of the supply chain). We will also utilize the secondary sources such as net profit to gather pertinent data to make the research effective.Data AnalysisThere are various aspects that a research needs to focus before, during and after gathering d ata for a research. These aspects help the researcher keep the data effective in the context of the study.Few of the aspects are listed belowValidity This refers to the relevancy of variables in the study. As we know that there are various variables in a research. This aspects ensures that the data gathered should be relative to the research. In other words these aspects state that there has to be inter-connectivity between the focus of the research and the data gathered. (Ghauri, R. Gronhaug, K. 2005)We will try to gather relevant data and will avoid vagueness in data. The data gathered will be confined to the research focus but will also try to remain soggy to answer various other research associated questions.Reliability This aspect refers to neutral (correct or accurate) and bias free results. In other words this aspect states that if the same data is used again for a similar research the results of the research should be similar. This also states that there should be any bias ed interpretation or should be a favor for any person or organization through this research. (Ghauri, R. Gronhaug, K. 2005)We will not only stay neutral while interpreting the findings and framing the results of this research, but will also send the results to few industry experts to seek their view. This will eliminate the bias aspect from the research and will keep the research effective.Generalizability This refers to the spectrum covered by the research answers in resolving the general issues. In other words the results of the research should be able to answer a wide range of real time issues. (Ghauri, R. Gronhaug, K. 2005)We will try to keep the results as general as possible and will also try to cover as many issues as possible.Authenticity of data sources This is one of the significant aspects of any research. The data gathered should be from reliable sources. The authenticity of data sources defines the effectiveness of the research. (Collis, J. Hussey, R. 2009)We will tr y to gather data from authentic sources. As we have formulated questionnaires and are gathering data through sources which are reliable, I believe we can surely guarantee the authenticity of data sources.Ethical IssuesThis refers to the methods used for gathering data. The ethical issues are quite significant for every researchs credibility towards the society. This includes a code of bestow that states that the methods used for data gathering and research should not include any method that is illegal or unacceptable. The methods or results of the research should not harm any person / firm / industry. (Crowther, D. Lancaster, G. 2009)The methods used for this research will be decided by keeping the above code of conduct in mind and will not include any such methods which fall out of the code of conduct. We will try to keep the work ethical and free from any bias.PROJECT PLANWeeks0-23-45-67-89-1011-1213-1415Background ReadingResearch ProposalTheoretical frameworkPrimary Secondary Data gatheringReport Making conformationConclusionSupply chain management plays a significant role in managing resources and effective customer service irrespective of industry. The fast food industry is customer driven and the service level plays a significant role in creating expectations with the customers. The fast food industry (Specifically Pizza hut) will be studied in the context of the supply chain extensively and the research results will be framed.We will study all the associated aspects and will try to cover all the potential issues under the focus of the research. We will keep the research bias free and ethical to the extreme possibility.